Nigute yameneka yamashanyarazi akora

Kumeneka kumashanyaraziigizwe ahanini na zeru ikurikirana ya transformateur, ikibaho cya elegitoroniki, kurekura kumeneka hamwe no kumena imizigo hamwe nuburemere burenze no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi.Igice cyo gukingira kumeneka kumeneka kumashanyarazi kigizwe na zeru zikurikirana zubu zikoreshwa (igice cyunvikana), umugenzuzi wibikorwa (igice cyo kugenzura) hamwe no kurekura amashanyarazi (igice nigice cyo gukora).Ibyiciro byose n'imirongo ya zeru yumuzunguruko nyamukuru urinzwe unyura mucyuma cyuma cya zeru zikurikirana zahinduwe kugirango zibe uruhande rwibanze rwa zeru zikurikirana.Ihame ryakazi ryo kumeneka kumashanyarazi birashobora kumvikana muburyo bukurikira:kumeneka kumashanyarazintishobora kurinda ibyiciro bibiri byamashanyarazi ihuza ibyiciro bibiri icyarimwe.Ibikurikira birerekanwa:

Mu gishushanyo, l ni coil ya electromagnet, ishobora gutwara icyuma gihindura K1 kugirango ucike mugihe cyacitse.Buri kiraro cyikiraro gihujwe murukurikirane na 1N4007 ebyiri kugirango zongere imbaraga za voltage.Indangagaciro zo kurwanya R3 na R4 nini cyane, iyo rero K1 ifunze, ikigezweho kinyura muri L ni gito cyane, kidahagije kugirango uhindure K1 gufungura.R3 na R4 ni voltage ingana na ristoriste ya thyristors T1 na T2, ishobora kugabanya imbaraga za voltage zihanganira ibisabwa na thyristors.K2 ni buto yikizamini, ikina uruhare rwo kwigana kumeneka.Kanda kuri bouton yikizamini K2 na K2 birahujwe, bihwanye no kuva kumurongo wo hanze uzima kwisi.Muri ubu buryo, igiteranyo cya vector yumurongo wibyiciro bitatu byumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa zeru unyura kumpeta ya magneti ntabwo ari zeru, kandi hariho ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi kumpera zombi a na B ya coil yo gutahura kumpeta ya magneti , ihita itera T2 itwara.Kubera ko C2 yishyurwa na voltage runaka mbere, T2 imaze gufungura, C2 izasohokera muri R6, R5 na T2 kugirango itange ingufu kuri R5 hanyuma itume T1 ikingura.Nyuma ya T1 na T2 bimaze gukingurwa, ikigezweho kinyura muri L cyiyongera cyane, kuburyo electromagnet ikora hanyuma disiki ya K1 igacika.Imikorere ya buto yikizamini ni ukureba niba imikorere yigikoresho idahwitse igihe icyo aricyo cyose.Ihame ryibikorwa bya electromagnet biterwa no kumeneka kwamashanyarazi ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ni bimwe.R1 ni varistor yo kurinda birenze urugero.Ibi ahanini bigize umurimo wingenzi wo kurinda kumeneka mumahame yakazi yo kumeneka kumashanyarazi.

Hanyuma, sobanura muri make ihame ryakazi hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mubisanzwe urugo rusohoka.Nkigikoresho cyiza cya tekinoroji yumutekano wamashanyarazi,kumeneka kumashanyaraziyakoreshejwe cyane kandi yagize uruhare runini.Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi bubitangaza, iyo umubiri wumuntu uhuye na 50Hz ihinduranya kandi amashanyarazi yumuriro ni 30mA cyangwa munsi yayo, irashobora kwihanganira iminota mike.Ibi bisobanura uburyo bwiza bwo guhungabana kwamashanyarazi yumuntu kandi bitanga ishingiro ryubumenyi mugushushanya no guhitamo ibikoresho birinda imyanda.Kubwibyo, kumeneka kumashanyarazi bishyirwa mumashami yingufu aho ibikoresho bigendanwa nibikoresho ahantu hatose.Ni igipimo cyiza cyo gukumira itumanaho ritaziguye no guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi.Mu rwego rw’igihugu, biragaragara ko "usibye icyuma gikonjesha icyuma gikonjesha, izindi miyoboro y'amashanyarazi igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukingira".Ibikorwa byo kumeneka ni 30mA naho igihe cyibikorwa ni 0.1s.Ntekereza ko ibi ari ingenzi cyane mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi kandi dukwiye kwitabwaho.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyamahame yakazi yo gukingira ibintu bitatu-bine sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi.TA ni impinduka zeru zikoreshwa muri iki gihe, GF niyo nyamukuru ihinduka, na TL ni shitingi yo gusohora ya shitingi nyamukuru.

Ukurikije ko umuzunguruko urinzwe ukora mubisanzwe nta kumeneka cyangwa gukubitwa amashanyarazi, nkuko amategeko ya Kirchhoff abiteganya, igiteranyo cya fasor iriho ubu kuruhande rwibanze rwa TA kingana na zeru, ni ukuvuga, murubu buryo, uruhande rwa kabiri rwa TA rukora ntibibyara ingufu zituruka kumashanyarazi, kurinda ibintu ntibikora, kandi sisitemu ikomeza gutanga amashanyarazi asanzwe.

Iyo kumeneka bibaye mumuzunguruko urinzwe cyangwa umuntu akubiswe numuriro w'amashanyarazi, bitewe nuko hariho imiyoboro yamenetse, fasor sum ya buri cyiciro cyumuyaga inyura kuruhande rwibanze rwa TA ntikiba ingana na zeru, bikavamo IK yameneka IK.

Ubundi buryo bwa magnetiki flux bugaragara muri rusange.Mubikorwa byo guhinduranya magnetiki flux, imbaraga za electromotive zikomoka mumashanyarazi mugice cya kabiri cya TL.iki kimenyetso kimeneka gitunganywa kandi kigereranijwe binyuze mumurongo wo hagati.Iyo igeze ku gaciro kateganijwe, coil TL ya shunt irekura shitingi nyamukuru iba ifite ingufu, icyerekezo nyamukuru GF itwarwa ningendo mu buryo bwikora, kandi umuzenguruko wamakosa uracibwa, kugirango ubone uburinzi.